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Nursing

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Formulating PICOT Questions

PICOT format table

Levels of Evidence

The figure below is an adaptation of the levels of evidence as presented by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2015, p.11). According to the authors, these levels should be viewed hierarchically in terms of  objective reliability and generalizability; with Level I representing the most generalizable and objective evidence, and Level VII representing the least generalizable evidence with a greater risk of bias (p.92).

 

 

 

 

Levels of Evidence Flowchart (U. of Michigan Libraries)

                A flowchart illustrating levels oif evidence

Charts for Evidence Levels and PICOT Questions

Additional Resources for Evidence Based Practice

Sources Cited

Levels of Evidence and PICOT charts adapted from:

Melnyk, B. Mazurek, & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: a guide to best practice. Third edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health

Levels of Evidence Flowchart courtesy of the University of Michigan libraries (2018), made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0  license (CC BY 4.0).